Input Geometry Step 2: Read in the geometry of the casting. Step 3: Define material properties. Step 4: Plot material properties vs. Step 5: Define element type. Step 6: Mesh the model. Step 7: Apply convection loads on the exposed boundary lines. Step 8: Define analysis type.
Step 9: Examine solution control. Step Specify initial conditions for the transient. Step Set time, time step size, and related parameters. Step Set output controls. Step Enter the time-history postprocessor and define variables. Step Plot temperature vs. Step Set up to animate the results.
Step Animate the results. Electromagnetics Tutorial Magnetic Analysis of a Solenoid Actuator Step 1: Read in geometry input file. Step 2: Set preferences. Step 3: Specify material properties. Step 4: Define element types and options. Step 5: Assign material properties. Step 6: Specify meshing-size controls on air gap. Step 7: Mesh the model using the MeshTool. Step 8: Scale model to meters for solution. Introductory Tutorials 4. Step 9: Define the armature as a component. Step Apply force boundary conditions to armature.
Step Apply the current density. Step Obtain a flux parallel field solution. Step Plot the flux lines in the model. Step Summarize magnetic forces. Step Plot the flux density as vectors. Step Plot the magnitude of the flux density. Multiphysics Analysis of a Thermal Actuator Import Geometry Step 2: Define element type. Step 4: Mesh the model. Step 5: Plot areas. Step 6: Apply boundary conditions to electrical connection pad 1.
Step 7: Apply boundary conditions to electrical connection pad 2. Step 8: Solve. Step 9: Plot temperature results. Step Plot voltage results. Step Plot displacement results and animate. Step List total heat flow and current. Explicit Dynamics Tutorial Drop Test of a Container Explicit Dynamics Define Analysis Type Step 1: Set Preferences.
Step 2: Read in geometry of the container. Step 3: Define element type. Step 4: Define real constants. Step 5: Specify material models. Step 6: Mesh the container. Step 7: Generate table top elements. Step 8: Create container component. Step 9: Create table top component. Step Specify contact parameters. Step Apply initial velocity to the container.
Step Apply acceleration to the container. Step Specify output controls. Step Animate stress contours. Step Animate deformed shape. Contact Tutorial Step 1: Read in the model of the pin and block. Define Material Property and Element Type Step 2: Define material.
Step 3: Define element types. Step 4: Mesh solid volume. Step 5: Smooth element edges for graphics display. Step 6: Create contact pair using Contact Wizard.
Specify Solution Criteria Step 7: Apply symmetry constraints on quartered volume. Step 8: Define boundary constraints on block. Step 9: Specify a large displacement static analysis. Load Step Step Define interference fit analysis options.
Step Solve load step 1. Step Set DOF displacement for pin. Step Define pull-out analysis options. Step Write results to file. Step Solve load step 2. Step Expand model from quarter symmetry to full volume. Step Observe interference fit stress state. Step Observe intermediate contact pressure on pin. Step Observe pulled-out stress state.
Step Animate pin pull-out. Step Plot reaction forces for pin pull-out. Introductory Tutorials 7. Modal Tutorial Modal Analysis of a Model Airplane Wing Step 3: Define constant material properties.
Step 4: Define element types. Step 5: Mesh the area. Step 6: Extrude the meshed area into a meshed volume. Step 7: Unselect 2-D elements. Step 8: Apply constraints to the model. Step 9: Specify analysis type and options. Step List the natural frequencies. Step Animate the five mode shapes.
Specify Analysis File Step 1: Enter PDS and specify analysis file. Define Input and Output Step 2: Define input variables. Step 3: Define output parameters. Step 4: Execute Monte Carlo simulations.
Perform Postprocessing Step 5: Perform statistical postprocessing. Step 6: Perform trend postprocessing. Generate Report Each tutorial is a complete step-by-step analysis procedure. You can choose from several analysis disciplines. The tutorials are designed to be run interactively, on the same screen as the program. Included are full color graphics and animations that are exact replicas of what appear at several points within the steps of the tutorials. A glossary of terms is also included that you can view as a stand-alone document with an alphabetical listing of the terms, or you can view the definition of terms on demand by simply clicking on linked terms within the context of the tutorials.
Before you begin a tutorial, read the Start Here section for recommendations on preparing your screen for displaying the tutorial window on the same screen as the program, as well as descriptions of the formats and conventions used in the tutorials. About These Tutorials The purpose of these tutorials is to introduce you to the extensive capabilities of the ANSYS family of products -- recognized worldwide as the most powerful engineering design and analysis software. This introduction is done through tutorials that are designed to be run interactively, online at your computer terminal.
Presented below is a sample screen layout captured on a 21 inch monitor. The tutorial window was then moved to the right side of the screen and the ANSYS window was reduced horizontally to accommodate the tutorial window.
You should use this layout as a model to adjust your screen accord- ingly, based on the size of your monitor. If this occurs, you can simply move them anywhere on the screen by dragging the window header. Formats and Conventions Used Each tutorial begins with a problem description that includes approaches and assumptions. A summary of steps in the form of tasks is then presented with each step being a hyperlink to a detailed series of procedural action substeps for each major task step.
The analysis action substeps are shown explicitly in terms of menu choices, graphical picks, and text input. Task Steps Task steps are numbered sequentially and contain a series of related menu paths and action substeps.
Step titles are formatted according to the task you will be performing in the step. Example step titles are "Add areas," "Define material properties," "Mesh the area," and "Plot the deformed shape. About These Tutorials 1. Action Substeps For each overall task step, there are any number of substeps that guide you through the actions that you need to perform in order to accomplish the task step. A menu path is typically one of the first substeps within a task step.
An example of a menu path substep is: 1. The first part of the path Main Menu determines where the function is found. It is usually either the Main Menu or the Utility Menu. Go to that region to perform the function. The remaining part of the path lists the menu topics that you click with the left mouse button. The action substeps that are presented after a menu path either guide you through completing a dialog box, or instruct you graphically on picking locations. The graphical picking convention is described in the next section.
For completing a dialog box, the substeps are either spelled out in detail or use a condensed procedure format. Detailed substeps are followed by a red arrow indicating that a small picture of the dialog box is available if you scroll to the right. The picture includes large red numbers that cross-reference the numbers of the action. The numbers are positioned in the dialog box at the locations where you are to perform the actions button, box, drop-down list, etc.
Example: 3. Example: 4. Examples: — 2. Picking Graphics Some substeps instruct you to pick specific entities on a graphic. An example of the convention is shown below: 6. Pick lines 17 and 8 Release The red number is a cross reference to the procedural substep.
Interim Result Graphics Following the substeps, a task step typically concludes with a small interim result graphic that shows how the ANSYS graphic should appear in the Graphics window at a particular point in a tutorial. An example is shown below: 1.
Jobnames and Preferences Though not required, it is good practice for you to specify a particular jobname for each tutorial analysis. It is also good practice to specify preferences for each tutorial analysis. When you specify a preference for a particular engineering discipline, ANSYS filters menu choices such that the only choices that appear apply to the discipline you specified.
If you do not specify preferences, menu choices for all disciplines are shown, but non-applicable choices are dimmed based on the set of element types in the model. It is a good idea to specify preferences at or near the beginning of an analysis. Most of the tutorials have this step built in before the model is meshed. Choosing a Tutorial We recommend that you run Structural Tutorial p. The Structural tutorial is documented extensively, includes graphics of all dialog boxes used, and introduces you to ANSYS terms that you'll see in other tutorials.
Once you have suc- cessfully performed this tutorial, you can run any of the others in any order. You can learn something from every problem, even if it is not in your particular field of interest or experience! Glossary ANSYS ED Program An educational program that can be used as a personal training tool in industry, at universities and other academic institutions, and at home.
Analysis Type Any of seven analysis types offered in ANSYS: static, modal, harmonic, transient, spectrum, eigenvalue buckling, and substructuring. Whether the problem is linear or nonlinear will be identified here. Applicable products are determined by the discipline and complexity of the problem. Boolean Operations Boolean Operations based on Boolean algebra provide a means of combining sets of data using such logical operators as add, subtract, in- tersect, etc. There are Boolean operations available for volume, area, and line solid model entities.
Direct Element Generation Defining an element by defining nodes directly. Discipline Any of five physical engineering disciplines may be solved by the ANSYS program: structural, thermal, electric, magnetic, and fluid. Note that you can use the ANSYS Multi-field solver, which considers the effects of the physical phenomena coupled together, such as temperature and displace- ment in a thermal-stress analysis.
Gaussian Distribution The Gaussian or normal distribution is a very fundamental and commonly used distribution for statistical matters.
It is typically used to describe the scatter of the measurement data of many physical phenomena. Strictly speaking, every random variable follows a normal distribution if it is generated by a linear combination of a very large number of other ran- dom effects, regardless which distribution these random effects originally follow.
The Gaussian distribution is also valid if the random variable is a linear combination of two or more other effects if those effects also follow a Gaussian distribution. Interactive Time Required This is an approximate range, in minutes, for you to complete the inter- active step-by-step solution.
Of course the amount of time it takes you to perform the problem depends on the computer system you use, the amount of network "traffic" on it, the working pace that is comfortable for you, and so on. All files are named Jobname.
LHS has a sample "memory," meaning it avoids repeating samples that have been evaluated before it avoids clustering samples. It also forces the tails of a distribution to participate in the sampling process. Glossary Level of Difficulty Three levels are offered: easy, moderate, and advanced.
Although the "advanced" problems are still easy to follow using the interactive step- by-step solution, they include features that are typically thought of as advanced ANSYS capabilities, such as nonlinearities, macros, or advanced postprocessing.
Lognormal Distribution The lognormal distribution is a basic and commonly used distribution. It is typically used to describe the scatter of the measurement data of physical phenomena, where the logarithm of the data would follow a normal distribution.
The lognormal distribution is very suitable for phe- nomena that arise from the multiplication of a large number of error ef- fects. It is also correct to use the lognormal distribution for a random variable that is the result of multiplying two or more random effects if the effects that get multiplied are also lognormally distributed. Material Properties Physical properties of a material such as modulus of elasticity or density that are independent of geometry.
Although they are not necessarily tied to the element type, the material properties required to solve the element matrices are listed for each element type for your convenience. As with element types and real constants, you may have multiple material property sets to correspond with multiple materials within one analysis.
Each set is given a reference number. Monte Carlo The Monte Carlo Simulation method is the most common and traditional method for a probabilistic analysis. This method lets you simulate how virtual components behave the way they are built. One simulation loop represents one manufactured component that is subjected to a particular set of loads and boundary conditions.
Plane Stress A state of stress in which the normal stress and the shear stresses directed perpendicular to the plane are assumed to be zero. Postprocessing ANSYS analysis phase where you review the results of the analysis through graphics displays and tabular listings. The general postprocessor POST1 is used to review results at one substep time step over the entire model. The time-history postprocessor POST26 is used to review results at specific points in the model over all time steps.
Preferences The "Preferences" dialog box allows you to choose the desired engineering discipline for context filtering of menu choices. By default, menu choices for all disciplines are shown, with non-applicable choices "dimmed" based on a set of element types in your model.
If you prefer not to see the dimmed choices at all, you should turn on filtering. For example, turning on structural filtering completely suppresses all thermal, electromagnetic, and fluid menu topics. Preprocessing ANSYS analysis phase where you provide data such as the geometry, materials, and element types to the program.
A rectangle primitive, for example defines the following solid model entities in one step: one area, four lines, and four keypoints. It must contain a parametrically defined model using parameters to represent all inputs and outputs which will be used as random input variables RVs and random output parameters RPs.
From this file, a probabilistic design loop file Jobname. LOOP is automatically created and used by the probabilistic design system to perform analysis loops. Probabilistic Design Probabilistic Design is a technique you can use to assess the effect of uncertain input parameters and assumptions on your analysis model. Using a probabilistic analysis you can find out how much the results of a finite element analysis are affected by uncertainties in the model.
Probabilistic Simulation A simulation is the collection of all samples that are required or that you request for a certain probabilistic analysis. A simulation contains the in- formation used to determine how the component would behave under real-life conditions with all the existing uncertainties and scatter , and all samples therefore represent the simulation of this behavior.
In probabilistic literature, these random input variables are also called the "drivers" because they drive the result of an analysis. The RPs are typically a function of the random input variables RVs ; that is, changing the values of the random input variables should change the value of the random output parameters.
Real Constants Provide additional geometry information for element types whose geo- metry is not fully defined by its node locations. Typical real constants include shell thicknesses for shell elements and cross-sectional properties for beam elements. All properties required as input for a particular ele- ment type are entered as one set of real constants. Solution ANSYS analysis phase where you define analysis type and options, apply loads and load options, and initiate the finite element solution.
A new, static analysis is the default. Standard Deviation The standard deviation is a measure of variability dispersion or spread about the arithmetic mean value; this is often used to describe the width of the scatter of a random output parameter or of a statistical distribution function.
The larger the standard deviation the wider the scatter and the more likely it is that there are data values further apart from the mean value. Uniform Distribution The uniform distribution is a very fundamental distribution for cases where no other information apart from a lower and an upper limit exists. It is very useful to describe geometric tolerances.
It can also be used in cases where there is no evidence that any value of the random variable is more likely than any other within a certain interval. You provide the lower and the upper limit xmin and xmax of the ran- dom variable x. It is used to locate solid model entities. By default, the working plane is a Cartesian plane located at the global origin.
Static Analysis of a Corner Bracket 2. Problem Description This is a simple, single load step, structural static analysis of the corner angle bracket shown below.
The upper left-hand pin hole is constrained welded around its entire circumference, and a tapered pressure load is applied to the bottom of the lower right-hand pin hole. The US Customary system of units is used. Given The dimensions of the corner bracket are shown in the accompanying figure.
Approach and Assumptions Assume plane stress for this analysis. Your approach is to use solid modeling to generate the 2-D model and automatically mesh it with nodes and elements. Summary of Steps Use the information in the problem description and the steps below as a guideline in solving the problem on your own. Or, use the detailed interactive step-by-step solution by choosing the link for step 1.
Note If your system includes a Flash player from Macromedia, Inc. Build Geometry 1. Define rectangles. Change plot controls and replot. Change working plane to polar and create first circle. Move working plane and create second circle.
Static Analysis of a Corner Bracket 5. Add areas. Create line fillet. Create fillet area. Add areas together. Create first pin hole. Move working plane and create second pin hole. Subtract pin holes from bracket.
Save the database as model. Define Materials Set Preferences. Define Material Properties. Define element types and options.
Define real constants. Generate Mesh Mesh the area. Save the database as mesh. Apply Loads Apply displacement constraints. Apply pressure load. Obtain Solution Review Results Enter the general postprocessor and read in the results.
Plot the deformed shape. Plot the von Mises equivalent stress. List the reaction solution. Build Geometry This is the beginning of Preprocessing.
The first step is to recognize that you can construct the bracket easily with combinations of rectangles and circle Primitives. Decide where the origin will be located and then define the rectangle and circle primitives relative to that origin. The location of the origin is arbitrary.
Here, use the center of the upper left-hand hole. ANSYS does not need to know where the origin is. Simply begin by defining a rectangle relative to that location. Apply to create the first rectangle. OK to create the second rectangle and close the dialog box. The area plot shows both rectangles, which are areas, in the same color. To more clearly distinguish between areas, turn on area numbers and colors. By default, a "replot" is automat- ically performed upon execution of the dialog box.
The replot operation will repeat the last plotting operation that occurred in this case, an area plot. Turn on area numbers. OK to change controls, close the dialog box, and replot.
Before going to the next step, save the work you have done so far. ANSYS names the database file using the format jobname. If you started ANSYS using the product launcher, you can specify a job- name at that point the default jobname is file. It is important to do an occasional save so that if you make a mistake, you can restore the model from the last saved state.
The next step in the model construction is to create the half circle at each end of the bracket. You will actually create a full circle on each end and then combine the circles and rectangles with a Boolean "add" operation discussed in step 5. To create the circles, you will use and display the working plane. You could have shown the working plane as you created the rectangles but it was not necessary. Click on small dot once to zoom out.
Close dialog box. Next you will change the WP type to polar, change the snap increment, and display the grid. Click on Polar. Click on Grid and Triad.
OK to define settings and close the dia- log box. Move mouse to radius of 1 and click left button to create circle. OK to close picking menu. Also, as an alternative to picking, you can type these values along with the radius into the dialog box.
To create the circle at the other end of the bracket in the same manner, you need to first move the working plane to the origin of the circle. The simplest way to do this without entering number offsets is to move the WP to an average keypoint location by picking the keypoints at the bottom corners of the lower, right rectangle.
Pick keypoint at lower left corner of rectangle. Pick keypoint at lower right of rectangle. Now that the appropriate pieces of the model are defined rectangles and circles , you need to add them together so the model becomes one continuous piece. You do this with the Boolean add operation for areas. Pick All for all areas to be added. Turn on line numbering. OK to change controls, close the dialog box, and automatically replot. Pick lines 17 and 8. OK to finish picking lines in picking menu.
OK to create line fillet and close the dialog box. Click on Zoom button. Move mouse to fillet region, click left button, move mouse out and click again.
Pick lines 4, 5, and 1. OK to create area and close the picking menu. Click on Fit button. Close the Pan, Zoom, Rotate dialog box. Static Analysis of a Corner Bracket Move mouse to radius of. Pick center point at: Release However, it is there as indicated by the presence of its lines , you just can't see it in the final display of the screen. That is because the bracket area is drawn on top of it. An easy way to see all areas is to plot the lines instead. Pick bracket as base area from which to subtract.
Apply in picking menu. Pick both pin holes as areas to be subtracted. OK to subtract holes and close picking menu. At this point, you will save the database to a named file -- a name that represents the model before meshing. If you decide to go back and remesh, you'll need to resume this database file. You will save it as model. Enter model. OK to save and close dialog box. Define Materials 2. These exercises are intended only as an educational tool to assist those who wish to learn how to use ANSYS.
They are not intended to be used as guides for determining suitable modeling methods for any application. The author assumes no responsibility for the use of any of the information in these tutorials.
There has been no formal quality control process applied to these tutorials, so there is certainly no guarantee that there are not mistakes in them. The author would appreciate feedback at the email address below if mistakes are discovered in these tutorials. Some of the tutorials have since been updated, and some are currently being updated. The GUI does have quite a different look in more recent versions than it did in Version 5. However, it is likely that usually someone using one of the tutorials listed below, written for an older version of ANSYS, can still figure out how to complete the tasks in the exercise by looking around in the menu options available in their newer ANSYS version.
As updated versions of these tutorials become available, they will be added to this website. Email comments to John Baker at: jbaker engr. Temperature Distribution in a Plate: In this tutorial, you will solve a 2-D heat conduction problem.
Your email address will not be published. Save my name and email in this browser for the next time I comment. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Introduction to Pressure Vessels Vessels, tanks, and pipelines that carry, store, or receive fluids are called pressure vessels.
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